Fungal infections are ignored by social and political communities. However, they are estimated to affect more than a billion people, resulting in approximately 11·5 million life-threatening infections in the ‘at risk’ population and more than 1·5 million deaths annually. Though there have been huge advances in diagnostics and antifungal drug development over the past two decades, however, resource limited settings have not benefited from these advances. The aim of this research was to determine the burden of serious fungal infections in Nigerians with the appropriate underlying diseases. This epidemiological research was conducted across four study populations. Study 1; HIV-infected patients with CD4+ counts