Influence of curing modes on thermal stability, hardness development and network integrity of dual-cure resin cements.Citation formats

TY - JOUR

T1 - Influence of curing modes on thermal stability, hardness development and network integrity of dual-cure resin cements.

AU - Aldhafyan, Mohammed

AU - Silikas, Nick

AU - Watts, D.C.

PY - 2021/12/1

Y1 - 2021/12/1

N2 - Objectives: To explore the effect of different curing modes of conventional and self adhesive dual-cure resin cements on their rates of thermal decomposition, hardness development and network integrity.Methods: Five self-adhesive (PANAVIA SA, RelyX Universal Resin, RelyX Unicem 2, Bifix SE and SpeedCEM Plus) and three conventional (PANAVIA V5, Nexus Third Generation and RelyX Ultimate Universal) dual-cure resin cements were investigated. Thermal decomposition stages, initial onset temperatures, the maximum rate of mass-loss and the filler mass-fraction of each resin cement were analysed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Surface hardness was measured at 1 h post-cure and after 24 h of dry storage at 37oC. The relative network integrities were estimated from reductions in hardness after 168 h of water storage. Data were analysed via one-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc tests and paired/independent sample t-tests (푎= 0.05).Results: No difference was apparent between TGA data for self-cured and light-cured specimens. Numerical differentiation of mass-loss versus temperature showed either single or multiple peaks. For the set of 8 cements, the maximum rate of mass-loss (%/oC) correlated negatively with residual mass at 600oC. All dry-stored cements increased in hardness from 1 – 24 h, ranging from 20.4% to 52.6 % for light-cure mode and from 41.3% to 112.6 % for self-cure. After 168 h water storage, the hardness of cements decreased: by 18.5% to 36.2 % for light-cured and by 9.8% to 17.9 % for self-cured. Overall, surface hardness was greater for light-cured cements. The initial onset temperature (IOT) of thermal decomposition correlated negatively with the hardness decrease produced by water-storage: r2= 0.77 for light-cure and r2= 0.88 for self cure. This provided the basis for a relative scale of composite network integrity, probably reflecting differences in cross-link density.Significance: Light-curing, where possible, remains beneficial to the hardness and related properties of dual-cure resin cements. Combination of TG analysis and solvent softening experiments give an indication of relative network integrity - between materials - and their relative cross-link densities.

AB - Objectives: To explore the effect of different curing modes of conventional and self adhesive dual-cure resin cements on their rates of thermal decomposition, hardness development and network integrity.Methods: Five self-adhesive (PANAVIA SA, RelyX Universal Resin, RelyX Unicem 2, Bifix SE and SpeedCEM Plus) and three conventional (PANAVIA V5, Nexus Third Generation and RelyX Ultimate Universal) dual-cure resin cements were investigated. Thermal decomposition stages, initial onset temperatures, the maximum rate of mass-loss and the filler mass-fraction of each resin cement were analysed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Surface hardness was measured at 1 h post-cure and after 24 h of dry storage at 37oC. The relative network integrities were estimated from reductions in hardness after 168 h of water storage. Data were analysed via one-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc tests and paired/independent sample t-tests (푎= 0.05).Results: No difference was apparent between TGA data for self-cured and light-cured specimens. Numerical differentiation of mass-loss versus temperature showed either single or multiple peaks. For the set of 8 cements, the maximum rate of mass-loss (%/oC) correlated negatively with residual mass at 600oC. All dry-stored cements increased in hardness from 1 – 24 h, ranging from 20.4% to 52.6 % for light-cure mode and from 41.3% to 112.6 % for self-cure. After 168 h water storage, the hardness of cements decreased: by 18.5% to 36.2 % for light-cured and by 9.8% to 17.9 % for self-cured. Overall, surface hardness was greater for light-cured cements. The initial onset temperature (IOT) of thermal decomposition correlated negatively with the hardness decrease produced by water-storage: r2= 0.77 for light-cure and r2= 0.88 for self cure. This provided the basis for a relative scale of composite network integrity, probably reflecting differences in cross-link density.Significance: Light-curing, where possible, remains beneficial to the hardness and related properties of dual-cure resin cements. Combination of TG analysis and solvent softening experiments give an indication of relative network integrity - between materials - and their relative cross-link densities.

U2 - 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.016

DO - 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.016

M3 - Article

VL - 37

SP - 1854

EP - 1864

JO - Dental Materials

JF - Dental Materials

SN - 0109-5641

IS - 12

ER -